All about Albedo & Arctic Darkening: Snow, Ice, Clouds, Open-Ocean, Sun Angle // Aug 3, 2019

I continue chatting about Albedo (reflectance) and how the Arctic is rapidly darkening. By assumption, when people talk about albedo it is for:

• Diffuse unpolarized light (such as from a light bulb vs a laser),
• For sunlight wavelengths in the visible spectrum, and
• Normal incidence (light perpendicular to surface).

Without going too much into the physics, I try to give you a feel for how the snow and ice and open water and low sun angle in the Arctic all affect albedo.

I’m going to France in Sept. to attend an important conference called Summit of Minds.  Also, I’m attending COP25 (Santiago Chile, Dec.) to report to you. Please donate at easy to use PayPal feature (does not require account) as I connect-the-dots on our global climate disruption.
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Blue Ocean Event (BOE) Consequences: Key Points to Know // hh

Complete loss of Arctic Sea-Ice has global equivalent heating 0.71 W/m2 relative to 1979:

• If cloud fraction unchanged (by 2016, we’d already had 0.21 W/m2).
• If cloud fraction changed to 0% (clear sky) global equivalent heating is 3 times higher;
• If cloud coverage changed to 100% (complete coverage) global equivalent heating is 2 times lower
• Since Arctic region is about 1/30 of globe surface area, 0.71 W/m2 globally is actually 21.3 W/m2 of heating concentrated in Arctic.
• 0.71 W/m2 global heating equivalent would correspond to 1 Trillion tons of CO2 emissions (25 years of present day emissions) or 56.7 ppm

I expect BOE by 2022 or so; risk higher each year.
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Arctic Blue Ocean Event (BOE) Key Points to Know (continued) // Aug 3, 2019

Continues from last video.

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